peters



UNiTED *STATES PATENT Orme-E.

ALEXANDRE FRIEDMANN ANDVEMILE DERLANGER, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 39,640. dated August 25, 1863.

To .all'wltom it may concern Be it known that we, ALEXANDRE FRIED MANN and FRDERICEMILE. DERLANGER, both of Paris, in the Empire of France, have invented a new and useful Improvement in SteamBoiler Furnaces; and we do hereby declare that the following is a f ull, clear, and exact description f theconstr'uctionand operation of the same, reference being had to the iigures of the annexed drawings,1naking a part of this specificatlon--that is to say OurA 'invention consists in the application, as hereinafter described,- to the lire-boxes of steamboiler furnaces, of, an inner. mantel or diaphragm, so arranged as to form a reverberating chamber, infwhich are. e'ected the heating of the Vatmospheric air required for the combustion of the smoke and itsdistribution over the ignited surface of the fuel onthe grate.

`Figures 1, 2, 3, et of the annexed drawings represent,as example,an application of theinvention to an ordinary locomotive-furnace. Fig.1 is a longitudinal 'section of the tire-box, with its mantel. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of the same through. the line A B. Fig. 3 is a cross-section through C D. Fig. 4 is an end view. l

H is the mantel, constructed of thick sheets of wrought or cast iron, copper', or steel, descending from over the furnacedoor to a certain distance above the fire-bars, Varying from ten to twenty inches, according to the average depth of the fuel layer. In no case should the thickness of the metallic sheets be less than one-qnarter of an inch, experience having proved this to be the lowest point at which they can retain a sufciency of caloric for heating the amount of air required.

a c are brackets and bolts, by which this mantel is so attached to the furnace as to be readily dismounted and replaced at will. The surfaces of the mantel, in close proximity to the grate, are provided to a height of at least four inches with strong sheet-metal linings, as in D,or,again,with a castiron band, to enable them to resist the direct action of the lire. The thickness of metal at this point should never be less than three-fourths of an inch.

P P are two ports, fitted to the fire-box to permit of inspecting at will the combustion in the sides of the furnace, as also the tube-plate Q Q, lwhich is concealed by the mantel "from the lire door l?.v If preferred, these portsmay be replaced by a door set in the back of` the mantelitself. p A small self-closing trapway may also, if desired, be formed in leach yside of the mantel, to facilitate the uniform charg-` ing otthe'fuel in the sides ofthe grate. Dur- `ingthe stoppages the, combustion is kept `up byaid of a blower, with which the boiler is provided'.

The fuel is supplied tothe furuaceby the redoor P, which is always kept more or less open to allow the passage ofthe air. The air thus admitted into the mantel, absorbing the caloric ot themetal, is heated to a high degree, and, passing downward towardthe fuel layer, mingleswith the gaseous products of the combustion,which are entirely consumed.

The introduction of air is regulated at will by the notched bar K, which maintains the door P in the required position. When the action of the chimney is suppressed by the stoppage of the engine, the blower may be opened to produce a draft, which forces the air passing bythe fire-door to. turn over in the entire length of they mantel.

Figs. lls, Zbl* represent, in longitudinal section and plan, a ysemi-conical mantel constructed on the same principle as that above described. l

Figs. 5, 6, 7 represent, on a reduced scale,

an application of the invention to furnaces in` which the door is in such close proximity to the grate and to the roof ofthe fire-box as to leave insufficient spa-ce for the secure attachment of the mantel to the inner face of the latter. In this arrangement the mantel is modified in form, as shown in the drawings,

and is firmly bolted to the roof and front of` in W, Fig. 8, or a series of apertures, being formed above for the admission of air.

Fig. 8 represents an application of the invention to furnaces, in which, as in certain into the mantel into which it issues.

descriptions of porta-ble and stationary engines, the door is set close tothe grate and at a considerable distance from theroofof the lire-box. In this application the door P remains closed, as in ordinary furnaces but above it is formed a small port, W, of similar construction to that seen in P, Figs. 1,2, 4, and reserved solely for the admission of air W hen so desired, and permitted by the construction of the lire-box, this-second door may be rcplaced by simple air-apertures, as already described. v

It will be understood from the preceding description that the main object of our invention is to obtain theintimatelnixture of highlyheated air with the products of combustion at the moment of their disengagement, and that to effect this the proportions, position,and resisting-power of the mantel are points of the greatest importance. Thuspit must contain a large quantity ot' matter to enable it to con! tain a large quantity of caloric; it must present a large heating-surface to enable it properly to divide the air to be heated; it must bta good conductor to enable it. to give up its caloric with facility, and it must be rigid eiough to support, without losing' its shape, a

high degree of temperature.

Several essential precautions must be observed in the constructionv and arrangement ofthe mantel to enable it to resist the destructive action of the tire, thus: First', its surfaces must be kept free from pressure; secondly, it must be firmly secured in position, while so fixed .as to be readily mounted and dismounted at will, due allowance being made for the independent dilatation and contraction of the lire-box to which it is applied; thirdly, it must be constructed of ma-- terial of high density, conduetibility, and heatresisting power, the minimum thickness of such material in its thinnest parts being onetourth of an inch, and in those parts inproximity to the grate three-fourths of an inch, the latter thickness being extended to aminimum height of four inches; fourthly, the surfaces which do not come in direct contact with the fire-box should be inclined toward the surface of the fuel, and their resistance to Vertical flexion must be sufficientV to enable them to withstand the highest degree of temperature to which they can possibly be eX- posed. l

It should be well understood,in conclusion, that the above-noted thicknesses of mantel metal (one-fourth inch and three-fourths inch) In applications to portable and other en-v gine furnaces, in which the apparatus is less exposed to wear, the thicknesses may vary, according to circumstances, between the limits above laid down.

We are aware that attempts have hitherto been Iliade to consume smoke in boiler-furnaces by aid of vaultin gs and other capacities o'erin g some general resemblance-to the mantel above described 5 but in no case have any such arrangements satisfied the several essen-v tial conditions herein laid down. We therefore claim andl desire to protect by Letters Patenty The application, substantially as herein set forth, and shown in the drawings, to the fireboxes of steamboiler furnaces, of an inner mantel in metal, so arranged as to form an inclined` diaphragm or reverberating charnher, in and by which are effected the heating of the air required for the combustion of the smoke and the distribution of this air over the ignited surface of the fuel on the grate.'

ALEX. FRIEDMANN. EMILE DERLANGER.

Witnesses M. V. MENNoNs, H. PAMBEGER. 

